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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

that NIMBYs who support regional housing but fear nearby housingcreatea collective action problem

the desire for public goods(passive) created bythe collective action problems

the existence of free riders(passive) created byThe collective action problem

The wheat marketcreatedcollective action problems

misaligned incentives(passive) caused bya collective - action problem

Conventional economic analysis views cutting emissions as a costcreatinga collective action problem

your own concern ... payingto preventa collective action problem

the non- excludability of public goodscreatescollective action problems

the entry of private firms into a marketcreatesa collective action problem

the decisions of numerous producers(passive) are influenced bycollective - action problems

Price insulation in developing countries • Very strong insulation against price shocksCreatingserious collective action problems

recent U.S. court decisions on the pari passu clausewould triggercollective action problems

the similarity of responses to market risk models ( or risk limits ) in periods of systemic stress(passive) caused bythe collective action problems

four factors that seem to have shaped the coalitions studied ... Formative eventspromptcollective action on an issue

group loanscreatea collective action problem

These lawscreatea collective action problem

Use of conditional commitment and group influenceto createcollective action ( collective action problem

third - party datahas createda collective action problem

[not a good ideawhen creatingthe collective action problem

The productivity enhancing effect of industrial agglomerationscreatesa collective action problem

disincentives which tend to discourage joint action by individuals in the pursuit of a common goal(passive) is caused byA collective action problem

This asymmetrycreatesa collective action problem

this choicemight createa collective action problem

The key question presented by these cases ... a spillover of welfarecausesa collective action problem

overuse of itcreatesproblems - Collective action problem

development agencieshave createda collective action problem

These gaps in CITES enforcementcreatea collective action problem

The cow grazingcauseda collective action problem

multiple actors in society and(passive) is created bya collective action problem

environmental CPRs(passive) created bycollective - action problems

The situation with federal foodstampscreatesthe collective action problem

This indifferencecreatesa collective action problem

Hinterland infrastructurecan createa collective action problem

Constituency interests , policy objectives , and reelection calculationscreateda collective action problem

the lack of trust and cooperation between individual citizens and their different groups(passive) caused bycollective action problems

any system of minimum labor standards(passive) is created bythe collective action problem

Some students will take the opportunity (creatinga collective action problem

global liquidity(passive) caused bythe " collective action problem

interstate externalities and interstate markets(passive) created bycollective action problems

The COVID-19 crisis has intertwined economics and public health into a single issuecreatinga collective action problem

to the overuse of the core resource[2leadingto the overuse of the core resource[2

states from adopting mandates of their ownpreventingstates from adopting mandates of their own

so much damage during the crisis ... taking often the form of banking nationalism , which added supervision induced fragmentation over market originated fragmentationcausedso much damage during the crisis ... taking often the form of banking nationalism , which added supervision induced fragmentation over market originated fragmentation

to the overuse of the core resource.[citation neededleadingto the overuse of the core resource.[citation needed

to worse outcomes overallleadto worse outcomes overall

the open scholarly commons they aspired to.2to createthe open scholarly commons they aspired to.2

to examples of market failurecan leadto examples of market failure

broccoli from doing so without some form of federal interventionpreventbroccoli from doing so without some form of federal intervention

from a { open_quotes}tragedy of the commons.{close_quotes ... According tomore » traditional realist conception of international relationsresultsfrom a { open_quotes}tragedy of the commons.{close_quotes ... According tomore » traditional realist conception of international relations

countries from lifting their own labor standards ... and create a role for a transnational agency that may assist them 10.2202/1938 - 2545.1035 Gary Chartier ( 2008preventcountries from lifting their own labor standards ... and create a role for a transnational agency that may assist them 10.2202/1938 - 2545.1035 Gary Chartier ( 2008

from the behavior of holdout creditorscan resultfrom the behavior of holdout creditors

problems from happening in the futureto preventproblems from happening in the future

individuals from organizing against their government when their rights are violatedpreventsindividuals from organizing against their government when their rights are violated

creditors as a group from reaching agreement on restructuring termspreventingcreditors as a group from reaching agreement on restructuring terms

neighbors from voluntarily organizing to address community problems and others condemning them as dangerously anti - democratic and privatizingpreventneighbors from voluntarily organizing to address community problems and others condemning them as dangerously anti - democratic and privatizing

to disincentivize cooperation and which often permit behavior that wouldare ... designedto disincentivize cooperation and which often permit behavior that would

from incentives for individual creditors to hold out in the hope of obtaining more favorable termsresultfrom incentives for individual creditors to hold out in the hope of obtaining more favorable terms

creditors of all claims from working together on their own ... hence a need for an agency to mitigate such problems through measures such as majority voting on the stay of credit enforcementwill ... preventcreditors of all claims from working together on their own ... hence a need for an agency to mitigate such problems through measures such as majority voting on the stay of credit enforcement

people with common grievances from acting togethermay preventpeople with common grievances from acting together

groups from making decisions that are of collective economic interestpreventsgroups from making decisions that are of collective economic interest

individual actors breaking out of established patterns of behaviourpreventindividual actors breaking out of established patterns of behaviour

to incomplete party formation , which generates continuous litigation of seemingly efficient rulesleadto incomplete party formation , which generates continuous litigation of seemingly efficient rules

staff from pushing back against harassment and other forms of discriminationpreventsstaff from pushing back against harassment and other forms of discrimination

strikes to failoften causestrikes to fail

such communities from emerging if they do not emerge organicallymay preventsuch communities from emerging if they do not emerge organically

agreement on a strategy to combat climate changehave preventedagreement on a strategy to combat climate change

in the Paris Agreementresultedin the Paris Agreement

a legislative body from meeting its constitutional responsibilities.[1would ... preventa legislative body from meeting its constitutional responsibilities.[1

meaningful involvement by the shareholderspreventmeaningful involvement by the shareholders

inefficiencies , hence the title of the bookcauseinefficiencies , hence the title of the book

through externalitiescreatedthrough externalities

in substantial distortion of commodity marketsresultingin substantial distortion of commodity markets

meaningful shareholder involvementpreventmeaningful shareholder involvement

parents from making a choice for the public goodpreventsparents from making a choice for the public good

in a separation of ownership and controlresultsin a separation of ownership and control

from the 1970s to the new CDhas resultedfrom the 1970s to the new CD

a lack of interoperability in first responder communicationscausesa lack of interoperability in first responder communications

to limited ambitions ... lowering output legitimacycould leadto limited ambitions ... lowering output legitimacy

them from bargaining effectively and holding government accountablepreventthem from bargaining effectively and holding government accountable

a situation where a small group of investors block a debt restructuring for all others because they demand better termsto preventa situation where a small group of investors block a debt restructuring for all others because they demand better terms

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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