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to " buy " votes of poor peoplecreatingclientelism
the United States of America(passive) Invented byClientelism
Clientelism as a non - class system Like populismpreventsclientelism
a vote - buying schemecreatesclientelism
the whole systemcreatedclientelism
a form of government that is outmoded , oldcreatesclientelism
Staff rotation schemes should be put in placeto preventclientelism
scarce resources(passive) caused byclientelism
implications for voting behavior , party organization , and the types of public policiesmay preventclientelism
ho - hum governmentcausesclientelism
to arguecreateclientelism
Two featuressetclientelism
the system of rotational governments(passive) created byclientelism
Some questions arise after recognizing this factcausesclientelism
the parties that ran the country up till now(passive) created byclientelism
to pension protest in Romaniato leadto pension protest in Romania
in large - scale corruptionresultsin large - scale corruption
the poor from voting based on national issues ... but it also affects their ability to sanction politicians when they do n’t act in a representative mannerdoes ... preventthe poor from voting based on national issues ... but it also affects their ability to sanction politicians when they do n’t act in a representative manner
to the patron 's use of surveillance in the client 's domain to pursue various self - interestsleadsto the patron 's use of surveillance in the client 's domain to pursue various self - interests
an environment conducive to corrupt practicescreatesan environment conducive to corrupt practices
to selling off public property at bargain priceshas ledto selling off public property at bargain prices
the formation of class structurepreventsthe formation of class structure
to a Greek travesty of Keynesianism that has slowly but steadily been transformed into a social and economic crisisledto a Greek travesty of Keynesianism that has slowly but steadily been transformed into a social and economic crisis
to IncompetenceLeadsto Incompetence
staffing etcinfluencingstaffing etc
to leaders trading critical national functions for political supporthas often ledto leaders trading critical national functions for political support
in a scenario of deference and submissiveness on those without power towards those with influence ( powerresultingin a scenario of deference and submissiveness on those without power towards those with influence ( power
the allocation of state advertising , which is often issued based on political favoritism , rather than audience sizeinfluencesthe allocation of state advertising , which is often issued based on political favoritism , rather than audience size
the allocation of state publicity , which is often issued based on political favoritism , rather than audience sizeinfluencesthe allocation of state publicity , which is often issued based on political favoritism , rather than audience size
to heightened tensions and encourages the intervention of foreign powers in the country 's internal affairsleadsto heightened tensions and encourages the intervention of foreign powers in the country 's internal affairs
a form of democratic accountability and participationdoes createa form of democratic accountability and participation
in an abandonment of optimal ways of using existing natural resources in favor of the special interests of members of the governing coalition , or in other words their constituenciesresultsin an abandonment of optimal ways of using existing natural resources in favor of the special interests of members of the governing coalition , or in other words their constituencies
to underprovision of servicesleadsto underprovision of services
political dependencecreatespolitical dependence
to a number of incomplete projects across sectorshas ledto a number of incomplete projects across sectors
in mediaresultingin media
to a distorted distribution of poweris leadingto a distorted distribution of power
citizens ' decisions to express political preferences publiclyinfluencecitizens ' decisions to express political preferences publicly
in people not accepting a close election resultmay ... resultin people not accepting a close election result
the peasant making contact with the wider societypreventsthe peasant making contact with the wider society
social relationships(passive) created bysocial relationships
inequalities(passive) caused byinequalities
the spoils of political power ... for it meant , that politicians atregional and national level gained and reproduced the support of localleaders by allocating to them state resources over which these politicianshad influence or controlledthe spoils of political power ... for it meant , that politicians atregional and national level gained and reproduced the support of localleaders by allocating to them state resources over which these politicianshad influence or control