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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

causing increased delivery of sodium to the distal nephronresultingin development of hypokalemia and a chloride - responsive from of metabolic alkalosis

Administration of Ringer Solution in large amountswill leadto the development of chloride acidosis , hyperhydration

loop diureticscan causea metabolic alkalosis through loss of chloride

GtACR2 activation(passive) caused byAn increase in the intracellular chloride

an opening of a chloride channelleadsto an increase in chloride conductance Benzodiazepines

an opening of chloride channelleadsto an increase in chloride conductance

an opening of a chloride channelleadsto an increase in chloride conductance

the opening of chloride channelleadsto an increase in the chloride conductance

I thoughtcausedhigh chloride through metabolic changes

chloride gated channelsresultingin increased chloride conductance

by loss of gastrointestinal fluid(passive) caused bychloride - responsive metabolic alkalosis

An excessive amount of black liquorice consumptioncan causea chloride - resistant metabolic alkalosis

Ccauseschloride responsive type of Metab

Inhibition of the NaCl exchanger in the distal tubule by the thiazidewould have leadto increased luminal chloride

These mutationsleadto reduced sarcolemmal chloride conductance

The chloride saltscontributeadditional chloride anions

higher chloride contentmay causehyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

than potassium secreted , it also makes the lumen more electrically negativecausingchloride to follow sodium

The use of large quantities of normal saline in resuscitation has been shownto causehyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

an excess of bicarbonate in blood(passive) is caused by Alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis

an excess of bicarbonate in blood(passive) is caused byAlkalosis Metabolic alkalosis

a mutation in the chloride channel in the distal renal tubuleresultsin enhanced chloride reabsorption

metabolic pathway(passive) caused bymetabolic alkalosis alkalosis

a larger charge of chlorine in the saline solution tendsto causehyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

at Dow Chemical ( Michigan , USA(passive) was discoveredchloride Polyvinylidene chloride ( PVdC

the presence of three electron - withdrawing nitro groups(passive) is strongly influenced byThe reactivity of picryl chloride

thereby increase NaCl delivery to more distal nephron segments , with consequent salt wasting , volume contraction , and stimulation of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone axisleadingto hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Increased sweatingcan also causechloride depletion

NKCCI , a proteincauseschloride into neurons

Vomitingcauseschloride depletion

Class IV mutationsledto defective chloride conductance

The presence of blue - black precipitatesresultingfrom the addition of ferric chloride

cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins in female rat distal colon(passive) caused bychloride secretion

cholera and Escherichia " by Rodrigo Alzamora , Fiona O'Mahony et al(passive) caused bychloride secretion

Substrate compositioninfluenceschloride affinity

at Dow Chemical ( Michigan , USA(passive) was discoveredchloride ( PVdC

the major productwould resultfrom the more reactive chloride

the genecausedchloride to secrete

natural proteindiscovernatural protein

from gastrointestinal fluid lossmay resultfrom gastrointestinal fluid loss

fluid(passive) caused byfluid

fluid(passive) caused byfluid

to leakage into the lumen followed by sodium and water movementleadsto leakage into the lumen followed by sodium and water movement

the blood(passive) caused bythe blood

hyperkalemia ( high serum potassiumdo ... causehyperkalemia ( high serum potassium

hyperkalemiacausehyperkalemia

water absorptioninfluenceswater absorption

hyperpolarizationcausinghyperpolarization

Loss of acidCausesLoss of acid

to some pit initiationleadsto some pit initiation

from excessive vomiting and resulting hypokalemiaresultsfrom excessive vomiting and resulting hypokalemia

alsocan ... resultalso

to hypokalemialeadto hypokalemia

the confusion , nausea , and vomitingcausesthe confusion , nausea , and vomiting

to [ [ benzaldehydeleadsto [ [ benzaldehyde

to severe consequences if not corrected quicklycan leadto severe consequences if not corrected quickly

renal failurecauses renal failure

renal failurecauses renal failure

to heart problems and worse , deathcan leadto heart problems and worse , death

from chloride loss associated with gastrointestinal or renal lossesresultingfrom chloride loss associated with gastrointestinal or renal losses

conditions such as low blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmiacan causeconditions such as low blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia

hepatitiscan causehepatitis

hydrogen ions to move extracellularly , with K+ moving intracellularly to compensatecauseshydrogen ions to move extracellularly , with K+ moving intracellularly to compensate

from loss of posttranscriptional regulation for CLCN1resultingfrom loss of posttranscriptional regulation for CLCN1

a shift of the absorption maximum toward lower energies and a large increase of the absorption coefficient indicating a change from octahedral to tetrahedral or distorted octahedral co - ordination , characteristic for cobalt(II ) chloride complexes in aqueous nitrate meltscauseda shift of the absorption maximum toward lower energies and a large increase of the absorption coefficient indicating a change from octahedral to tetrahedral or distorted octahedral co - ordination , characteristic for cobalt(II ) chloride complexes in aqueous nitrate melts

a significant reduction of the dipole moments of FF tubes accompanied with the concomitant decrease of tube dimensions and apparent shear piezoelectric coefficientscausesa significant reduction of the dipole moments of FF tubes accompanied with the concomitant decrease of tube dimensions and apparent shear piezoelectric coefficients

to diarrhealeadingto diarrhea

to osmotic diarrhealeadsto osmotic diarrhea

rice seedling roots(passive) caused byrice seedling roots

to pittingcan leadto pitting

irritation of the nasal liningmay causeirritation of the nasal lining

local disruptioncauseslocal disruption

to get rid of unwanted bacteria on contactdesignedto get rid of unwanted bacteria on contact

in the increased excretion of sodium , chloride , and waterresultsin the increased excretion of sodium , chloride , and water

to reduced renal potassium secretionleadingto reduced renal potassium secretion

a decrease in fluid volumecausinga decrease in fluid volume

to increasedleadingto increased

in the release of GABAresultingin the release of GABA

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