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the development of special concrete mix designto preventChloride from penetrating into the concrete
the ingress of chloride ions from the outside into concrete cover in marine environments(passive) is mainly caused byChloride attack
the propagation of the chloride ions through the pore solution to the reinforcement level(passive) is triggered byChloride attack
chlorides present initially in concrete mix or invading over time in marine environments or due to de - icing salts or acid rain Corrosion related damage(passive) caused bychloride attack
this time using Everdure Caltite concrete for the lower , seaward sectionto preventchloride attack
Effluent from condensate or leakageresultedin chloride attack on concrete
This system acts as a protective barrierto preventcarbonation & chloride attack to concrete
exposure to de - icing salts(passive) caused bythe concrete Chloride attack
the simplest wayto preventchloride attack
fps ... 3 ) Minimum velocity of 5.5 fpsto preventchloride attack
factors knownto influencechloride thresholds in concrete
the damage(passive) caused bythe damage
to steel corrosionleadsto steel corrosion
to enhanced corrosion of the reinforcementleadsto enhanced corrosion of the reinforcement
to depassivation of the steel and initiation of corrosioncan leadto depassivation of the steel and initiation of corrosion
The corrosion of the embedded steel reinforcement did not appear(passive) to be caused byThe corrosion of the embedded steel reinforcement did not appear
to negligible corrosion of the galvanized rebarleadsto negligible corrosion of the galvanized rebar
rom thedepositionresultingrom thedeposition
from the deposition of fine droplets of crystals formed by evaporation of spray that has been carried by the wind from the searesultingfrom the deposition of fine droplets of crystals formed by evaporation of spray that has been carried by the wind from the sea