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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

The higher the proportion of non‐executive directors andleadCEO / chair duality

several aspects and dimensions of corporate governancemay influencea CEO Duality

larger firm sizeleadsto CEO duality

firm valueresultingfrom CEO duality

Chicopee MA SearchresultsCEO Luncheons

This includespreventingthe duality of the CEO

‘ sustained underwriting to ultimately reflect the true cost ’ of the population covered(passive) are set byCEO ] Hemsley

Amazon(passive) must be invented byCEO star100%4

to launch its ride - hailing service using vehicles made by Fiat Chrysler ( FCA(passive) is setCEO Waymo

Western culture(passive) has ... been ... influenced byCEO Goichi Suda

to restaurants ' improving performances and also support the proposed moderating effect on the relationship between CEO duality and firm performancecontributesto restaurants ' improving performances and also support the proposed moderating effect on the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance

in agency conflictsresultsin agency conflicts

to excessive managerial discretionleadsto excessive managerial discretion

the CEO has a concentrated power base that will allow the CEO to make decisions in their own - self interest at the expense of shareholderswill causethe CEO has a concentrated power base that will allow the CEO to make decisions in their own - self interest at the expense of shareholders

a harmony between the board , managers , and shareholders which is more efficient and effective in order to reach the goals of organizationscreatesa harmony between the board , managers , and shareholders which is more efficient and effective in order to reach the goals of organizations

conflict of interest as management may override controls ( p.4221causesconflict of interest as management may override controls ( p.4221

to an agency problemmay also leadto an agency problem

the companies(passive) are influenced bythe companies

to higher return to shareholders sh2leadsto higher return to shareholders sh2

a concentration in the decision - making authority , which , subsequently , affects the board independence in carrying out its oversight and governance roles ( Gul and Leung , 2004causesa concentration in the decision - making authority , which , subsequently , affects the board independence in carrying out its oversight and governance roles ( Gul and Leung , 2004

a dominant CEO ( Daily and Dalton , 1993 ; Jensen , 1993 ) that affects the independence of the board ( Finkelstein and D’Aveni , 1994 ) and provides a wider power and locus of control ( Hambrick and Finkelstein , 1987createsa dominant CEO ( Daily and Dalton , 1993 ; Jensen , 1993 ) that affects the independence of the board ( Finkelstein and D’Aveni , 1994 ) and provides a wider power and locus of control ( Hambrick and Finkelstein , 1987

agency problems in boards , which lead to worse performance than firms with CEO non - dualitycausesagency problems in boards , which lead to worse performance than firms with CEO non - duality

benefits for non - family firms in China ... while non - duality is good for family - controlled firmscreatesbenefits for non - family firms in China ... while non - duality is good for family - controlled firms

to the corporate governance of these firms by reducing the occurrence of non - value enhancing turnovermight ... contributeto the corporate governance of these firms by reducing the occurrence of non - value enhancing turnover

in decreased financial performance for EM firms over timewill resultin decreased financial performance for EM firms over time

to the allocation of relatively more capital to projects with lower growth opportunities , which negatively affects firm valueleadsto the allocation of relatively more capital to projects with lower growth opportunities , which negatively affects firm value

to a decline in performance because of the agency cost if the CEO practices their interest at the expense of the shareholdercan leadto a decline in performance because of the agency cost if the CEO practices their interest at the expense of the shareholder

to performance decline of family - controlled firmsleadsto performance decline of family - controlled firms

shareholder returnsinfluencesshareholder returns

to a higher return on investmentleadsto a higher return on investment

poor performance and slow response to changecausingpoor performance and slow response to change

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Smart Reasoning:

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