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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

that industry sponsorship of studiesleadsto bias in research outcomes

that participants responded to these questions based on what they believe to be more acceptable , therefore leading to a bias in their answersresultingin a bias in the result of the research

The factors which were probablyto contributebias towards the research

Each factorcontributesto a form of bias in the research

some factorscontributeto bias in social research

less likelyto causea bias towards the research

choice of methodsmay ... causebias in the research of cobenefits

the surveymay leadto sample bias for the research

different responsewill ... causebias in the study

the non - respondersmay have causedbias in the study

These problemscould causebias in research on STAS

to answer a certain waycausingbias in the study

that results not supporting the hypotheses of researchers often go no further than the researchers ' file drawersleadingto a bias in published research

the study ... a companyledto research bias

As for the findings of the projectcould leadto bias in research

a financial interestcauseda bias in his research

by failure to publish all work(passive) caused byBias in research

by participants with different types of pre - testing motivation(passive) caused byresearch bias

A conflict of interest ... an authormight causebias in the research conducted in the paper

The factors which were most certainlyto contributebias for the research

the common method varianceresultedin research bias

your experiencecould leadto research bias

by the treatment itself(passive) caused bythe research bias

alleged political biasallegedly contributingto research bias

these toolscausesresearch bias

the valuesinfluenceresearch bias

the mechanisms ... which conflict of interestcan leadto research bias

the mechanisms by whichcan leadto research bias

annual exposuremay leadto bias in research

several phasesmay resultin a bias research

the interventionscould have ledto a bias in the research

all monetary , institutional , and private relationships with other people and organizationscould influencebias ... their research

which conflict of interestcan leadto research bias

The elements which were being most certainlyto contributebias for the research

how he cameto discoverresearch this bias

cameto discoverresearch this bias

that universities perform on drugsleadingto research bias

all financial , institutional , and personal relationships with other individuals and organizationswould influencebias ... their research

all financial , institutional , and personal relationships with other individuals and organizationscould influencebias ... their research

anyoneHas ... discovereda bias in this research

in misleading or inaccurate findings and assessment of nonresponse biascan resultin misleading or inaccurate findings and assessment of nonresponse bias

that we humans have numerous biaseshas discoveredthat we humans have numerous biases

from sampling variability and which decreases as sample size increasesresultsfrom sampling variability and which decreases as sample size increases

as domainalso designedas domain

to Bad LawLeadsto Bad Law

to each outcomecontributingto each outcome

the study and engage in analysisdesignthe study and engage in analysis

in Congressresultedin Congress

in the results being systematically skewed in a certain directionoften resultsin the results being systematically skewed in a certain direction

the results either by not thinking of ALL variables OR choosing subjects they know will answer a certain way EX influencesthe results either by not thinking of ALL variables OR choosing subjects they know will answer a certain way EX

this imbalancecausingthis imbalance

to every consequencecontributingto every consequence

practices and policies worldwidehas influencedpractices and policies worldwide

from selective observation and selective recording of information , and alsoto resultfrom selective observation and selective recording of information , and also

distorted results and wrong conclusionscan causedistorted results and wrong conclusions

to systematic variation of inferences or results or interpretations from the true pictureleadsto systematic variation of inferences or results or interpretations from the true picture

to a focus on collecting evidence from those environments where some degree of controlled intervention can be made , such as school and clinicshas ledto a focus on collecting evidence from those environments where some degree of controlled intervention can be made , such as school and clinics

opinion biascausesopinion bias

to misleading estimates of effectmay leadto misleading estimates of effect

to disparitiescan leadto disparities

examine resultsmay influenceexamine results

the idea(passive) influenced bythe idea

the idea ,(passive) influenced bythe idea ,

to invalid conclusionscan leadto invalid conclusions

to a distorted view of the psychology of men andhas ledto a distorted view of the psychology of men and

to more valuable outcomes for future societyleadto more valuable outcomes for future society

to more valuable outcomes for future societyleadto more valuable outcomes for future society

to further injustice in healthcare diagnosis and treatmentthus leadsto further injustice in healthcare diagnosis and treatment

in such behaviour being excluded from consideration , thenresultsin such behaviour being excluded from consideration , then

decisionscan influencedecisions

to damagesleadingto damages

a premature convergence and a loss of diversitymay causea premature convergence and a loss of diversity

significant under- or overestimates of the effects being observedcan resultsignificant under- or overestimates of the effects being observed

funding decisions(passive) are ... influenced byfunding decisions

in doctors giving patients improper and even harmful treatmentcan resultin doctors giving patients improper and even harmful treatment

as the researcher has a great deal of control and influence over the studycould influenceas the researcher has a great deal of control and influence over the study

your physicians decisionsinfluencesyour physicians decisions

to harmful policiesleadsto harmful policies

the results of the experimentmight influencethe results of the experiment

to wrong answersleadsto wrong answers

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

See more*