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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

7 Factorsleadto problems with data collection Bias

This type of sampling can limit Waitrosecould leadto a possible bias in the gathering of data

excluding unpublished datamight leadto a bias in the data ( publication bias

hardnessleadingto user bias in the data

A large number of declineswill resultin a certain bias in the data

Some of this missing informationcould leadto nonresponse bias in the data

an income based on other variablescan resultin a systemic bias to the data

other variablescan resultin a systemic bias to the data

study protocolsdesignedto be free from data collection bias

the platformdesignedto mitigate bias in data

investigatedleadingto a systematic bias in the data

domain data selectioncausesdata bias

The study ... single centremay have contributedto the bias in the data

the accuracy of the datamight resultin data bias

survey administration methodsmay resultin data bias

Limitations of this study ... by defaultcan causedata bias

The research associates ... this studycould have resultedin bias during data

availability biascan ... causedata bias

factorscausebias in the data

cases not reported because of an unwelcome result , potential legal factors , or articles that may have been missed(passive) is caused byBias in this collection

by common experimental techniques(passive) caused bydata bias

High non - response ratescan leadto bias in the data

a fixed effect of both eye - included subjectsmay have causeda bias in the data

the analysis order of the LC - MS experimentscontributesto bias in the data

single centremay have contributedto the bias in the data

personal reasonsmay have contributedto the bias in the data

This factorresultsin data bias

Self - reported behaviorcan causebias in the data

the processesinfluencingthe bias behind data collection

the surveys they were sentcould leadto a bias in the data

the social media conversationleadingto bias in the data

by defaultcan causedata bias

by the evaluating group(passive) caused bydata bias

by poor fixation(passive) caused bydata bias

by selective elimination of some weather stations from the analysis(passive) caused bydata bias

the team ... operational issuescausebias to enter the dataset

which depends originalto contributedata for bias

flat communitiescould leadto bias in the data

their FET cycles ... personal reasonsmay have contributedto the bias in the data

that results in some weird results , ... we train them onsettingbias in the data

misleading resultscausesmisleading results

for mendesignedfor men

The new AI algorithm(passive) is designedThe new AI algorithm

to a more realistic regional climate simulation of precipitation andledto a more realistic regional climate simulation of precipitation and

misleading resultscausesmisleading results

This new and larger study(passive) was designedThis new and larger study

to unfair or unethical conclusionsmight leadto unfair or unethical conclusions

a machine learning modelseta machine learning model

to a systematic bias in conclusionsleadsto a systematic bias in conclusions

to invalid inferencescan leadto invalid inferences

to bias in the resultsleadsto bias in the results

in bias in their modelresultsin bias in their model

this analysisinfluencethis analysis

in the " discovery " of erroneous informationcan resultin the " discovery " of erroneous information

to conclusions that are inaccurate or worse , misleadingcould ... leadto conclusions that are inaccurate or worse , misleading

to conclusionscan leadto conclusions

even though it is not used to select the eventseteven though it is not used to select the event

to false identification of significancecan leadto false identification of significance

in discriminationtypically resultsin discrimination

in discrimination -- a huge ethical issueoften resultsin discrimination -- a huge ethical issue

systems to make discriminatory decisionscan causesystems to make discriminatory decisions

in unfair predictionscould resultin unfair predictions

a loss of sterility of your devicemay causea loss of sterility of your device

for instanceleadsfor instance

to discrimination -- a huge ethical concerntypically leadsto discrimination -- a huge ethical concern

from : survey questions that are constructed with a particular slantcan resultfrom : survey questions that are constructed with a particular slant

to inequities in careleadto inequities in care

in bad functionality ( and bad pressresultsin bad functionality ( and bad press

from the fact that the study is sponsored in a particular wayresultsfrom the fact that the study is sponsored in a particular way

to further unfairnesscan leadto further unfairness

by very near - surface resistivity variationscausedby very near - surface resistivity variations

harm to patients or consumersdoes ... causeharm to patients or consumers

a lack of model fitmay causea lack of model fit

in a short - term under - measurement of CO2 warmingresultsin a short - term under - measurement of CO2 warming

to perpetuating the bias in predictive analytics and algorithmic search resultsleadsto perpetuating the bias in predictive analytics and algorithmic search results

to inequity and institutional racismcontributesto inequity and institutional racism

to inequity and institutional racismcontributesto inequity and institutional racism

Bias in systems(passive) is commonly caused byBias in systems

sexism or racism(passive) caused bysexism or racism

in machines amplifying deeply embedded societal biasescould resultin machines amplifying deeply embedded societal biases

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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