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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

At subsequent replications base analogues may ' mispairresultingin substitution of the ' wrong ' base into DNA , and thus an altered codon

Scientistshave also discoverednew base pairs of DNA

mutationscausea DNA base pair change

certain amino acids ... mutationscausea DNA base pair change

various external processes such as chemical , physical or environmental influences ( such as the sci - fi classics like UV rays or toxic chemicals(passive) are caused bychanges in a single base in the DNA

closed Scientistsdiscovernew DNA base

Base pair substitution mutagens ... agentscausea base change in DNA

agentscausea base change in DNA

an agentcausesa base change in DNA

point mutations ... figureresultfrom a base substitution at one nucleotide

point mutationsresultfrom a base substitution at one nucleotide

SNVsresultfrom a base substitution at one nucleotide

to correspond to that of the target DNA(passive) is designedThe base sequence of this artificial DNA

due to(passive) is causedThe replacement of bases in the DNA molecule

Multiple DNA damaging agentscausedeaminations of the bases of DNA

which seemsto causedeletions in DNA base pairs

chemicalscausesubstitution of base pairs in the DNA

ResearchersDiscoverExtra DNA Base | IFLScience

one environmental factorcould causea base sequence in DNA

various meansto discoverthe base - by - base sequence of DNA

Cisplatincausescross - linking together of DNA bases

The idea that the method can be refined to directly readhas ledthe base sequence of DNA

hydrolysisleadingto release of DNA bases

replicationwould causebase substitution mutations

of 4 bases : adenine ( A ) , thymine ( T ) , cytosine ( C ) , and guanine ( G(passive) is composedbase pair DNA

the consequencesmight resultfrom a base pair substitution occurring in DNA and RNA

cytosine forms base - pairs with guaninecausesbase substitutions in dna

by intercalation(passive) caused byDNA base pairs

many factorscould influencethe oxidative modification of DNA bases

sufficient energyto causealterations in bases of DNA

By Scientists(passive) Discovered ByDNA Base

Free radicals can be generated in cells due to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous processescausingmodifications in DNA bases

an alkylating agentcausesmethylation on DNA bases

The hydroxyl groups of tyrosine residues in the enzymes also seemto contributeto recognizing methylated bases in DNA

DNA adductscausemispairing of DNA bases

by oxidative and other stresses(passive) caused bymodified bases in DNA

by the presence of other bases(passive) influenced byDNA bases

by the conversion of a base to the other base of the same class(passive) caused bybase substitution

soldierscomposedof DNA nitrogenous bases

The damagecausedto DNA bases

in the substitution of one amino acid in a polypeptide for anotherresultsin the substitution of one amino acid in a polypeptide for another

The Gene Associated with Sickle Cell Anemia(passive) is caused byThe Gene Associated with Sickle Cell Anemia

to diseasecan leadto disease

in a different gene productmay resultin a different gene product

to change in proteinleadsto change in protein

in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the resulting protein moleculeresultsin the substitution of one amino acid for another in the resulting protein molecule

in a mutationresultingin a mutation

to the alteration or absence of proteinscan leadto the alteration or absence of proteins

the insertion of a wrong amino acidcausingthe insertion of a wrong amino acid

in a mutationresultsin a mutation

to amino acid substitution of valine for glutamineleadsto amino acid substitution of valine for glutamine

the insertion of a wrong amino acid into a polypeptide chaincausingthe insertion of a wrong amino acid into a polypeptide chain

to the |M15 . 1can leadto the |M15 . 1

a missense mutation(passive) caused bya missense mutation

in mutations in the DNAcan resultin mutations in the DNA

a diseasecan causea disease

from UV damageresultfrom UV damage

the harm(passive) caused bythe harm

in a stop codonresultingin a stop codon

in a termination coresultingin a termination co

This allele(passive) is caused byThis allele

a missense mutation(passive) caused bya missense mutation

to a substitution of valine for glutamic acidleadingto a substitution of valine for glutamic acid

an altered amino acid sequence(passive) ultimately caused byan altered amino acid sequence

in trypanosomes by his research grouphad been discoveredin trypanosomes by his research group

an amino acid to be inserted at that codon that differs from that in the wild typecausesan amino acid to be inserted at that codon that differs from that in the wild type

a corresponding change in the genotype and the corresponding phenotypecausesa corresponding change in the genotype and the corresponding phenotype

in a premature stop codon or a different amino acidMay resultin a premature stop codon or a different amino acid

a missense mutation(passive) caused bya missense mutation

in a nonsense codonresultsin a nonsense codon

in an amino acid substitution in the corresponding proteinresultsin an amino acid substitution in the corresponding protein

to more serious mutations of mispairing of DNA breakscould ... leadto more serious mutations of mispairing of DNA breaks

errorscan causeerrors

errorscan causeerrors

in the formation of a different polypeptide and an altered base sequence which codes for a different sequence of amino acidsresultsin the formation of a different polypeptide and an altered base sequence which codes for a different sequence of amino acids

to decreased expression ( i.e. , use ) of the geneleadsto decreased expression ( i.e. , use ) of the gene

sugar fragmentation , strand breakage , and base losscan causesugar fragmentation , strand breakage , and base loss

termination of synthesis after the incorporation of a certain basecausetermination of synthesis after the incorporation of a certain base

a change in the amino acid sequence of a proteincausesa change in the amino acid sequence of a protein

frameshift mutationscan causeframeshift mutations

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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