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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

the transfection reagent(passive) caused byunspecific background staining

secondary antibodies(passive) caused byunspecific background staining

nonspecific binding to dead cells(passive) caused bytominimize background staining

unspecific binding of the primary antibody or the secondary antibody in the HRP - polymer(passive) caused byBackground staining

the nucleic acid probes used(passive) can be caused byBackground staining in CISH

the chromogen to precipitatethereby causingbackground staining to occur

marker amplification reagents and the effects of this oxidation on the stability of antibody - antigen complexes in immunohistochemistry(passive) caused bybackground staining

unspecific binding of the primary antibody or the secondary antibody in the AP polymer(passive) caused byBackground staining

dead cells ( stained with propidium iodide ) and B - cells (may causeunspecific background staining

any residual photosensitive layercausesbackground staining

using X - gal at pH 7.5to preventbackground staining

The chloride would react with the silver ions in the next stepcausingbackground staining

the application of serum block(passive) was prevented byBackground staining

to the variability of intensity in the target protein band between samplesleadingto the variability of intensity in the target protein band between samples

to a less likelihood of a false positive outcome ( Radulescu , Boenisch 2007resultingto a less likelihood of a false positive outcome ( Radulescu , Boenisch 2007

from autofluorescence of the layerresultingfrom autofluorescence of the layer

from the incomplete rinsing of slides between steps or by the use of contaminated bufferscan also resultfrom the incomplete rinsing of slides between steps or by the use of contaminated buffers

to false - negative or false - positive signalspotentially leadingto false - negative or false - positive signals

reliable identification of infected cells for frequencies below 0.05–0.1 % , the equivalent of 500–1000 HIVGag+ or HIVRNA+ T cells per million CD4 , when we assessed a single marker ( Figures 1EF , S2CDpreventedreliable identification of infected cells for frequencies below 0.05–0.1 % , the equivalent of 500–1000 HIVGag+ or HIVRNA+ T cells per million CD4 , when we assessed a single marker ( Figures 1EF , S2CD

from using a mouse primary antibodyresultingfrom using a mouse primary antibody

from non - specific binding of individual probesresultingfrom non - specific binding of individual probes

to a false - positive callcould leadto a false - positive call

positive staining and decrease error(passive) caused bypositive staining and decrease error

the statistical error(passive) caused bythe statistical error

from endogenous alkaline phosphatase activityresultingfrom endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity

from B cells binding to the secondary and tertiary antibodiesresultingfrom B cells binding to the secondary and tertiary antibodies

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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