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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

no anthropogenic forcing ... anthropogenic forcingcausesautocorrelation

Omitted Variables Serial Correlation Due to Misspecified Dynamics Spurious Trends Differencing and Long - Run Effects(passive) Caused byAutocorrelation

Day - of - the - Week Effects 4.14 Appendix(passive) Caused byAutocorrelation

Day - of - the - Week Effects 94 4.14 Appendix(passive) Caused byAutocorrelation

The existence of lagged dependent variable in the model ( autoregressive characteristiccan also causeautocorrelation

residual of regression model increasing over time(passive) can be caused byAutocorrelation

its own historical values(passive) is influenced byAutocorrelation

May. Thistoo can causeautocorrelation

is also influenced by the dependent variable in the previous periodcan leadautocorrelation

Specifications bias , in which a regression model with certain reasons do not include one or a couple of variables , but these variables are relevantmay causeautocorrelation

some common causeswill createautocorrelation

the pattern(passive) caused byautocorrelation

internal biological growth trends(passive) caused byautocorrelation

that each family member would rate emotions more than once in the same analysis thereforecausingautocorrelation

every 100 chains were sampledto preventautocorrelation

that new information will be incorporated into less traded stocks with lagsto causeautocorrelation

several things(passive) caused byautocorrelation

time - invariant variablesCan ... causeautocorrelation

an inadequate dynamic specification of the modelcan causeautocorrelation

Systematic errors in measurementcan also causeautocorrelation

day - of - the - week effects ( p. 58 ) Appendix 2(B(passive) caused byAutocorrelation

the non - synchronous trading , market failure and other factorscauseautocorrelation

every iterationto preventautocorrelation

the strong manresultautocorrelation

uncertainties at low frequencies and noise(passive) caused byautocorrelation

a ice corecreatingautocorrelation

If a specific process , such as reproduction or dispersal , is thoughtto causeautocorrelation

the disturbance term picking up the influence of variables(passive) caused byautocorrelation

a high feedback tradingledautocorrelation

justed the de?nition a littleto preventautocorrelation

bright reflections at the surface of the egg yolk(passive) caused byautocorrelation

the proneness of a phenomenonto createautocorrelation

+ -795 x System Child Poverty Rate Autocorrelation in Regression Analysiscausesautocorrelation

no efficient market theoryto preventautocorrelation

the background noise(passive) created byautocorrelation

large number of markers in high LD(passive) created byautocorrelation

To avoid the data being used both on the x and y axes of these analysesthus creatingautocorrelation

a few percent of the bias(passive) caused bya few percent of the bias

the risk of complexity(passive) caused bythe risk of complexity

redundancy ... in your data that creates bias in the Bootstrapcan createredundancy ... in your data that creates bias in the Bootstrap

temporal sampling bias(passive) caused bytemporal sampling bias

in an inflated sample size and underestimated variancecan resultin an inflated sample size and underestimated variance

For these terms , possible problems(passive) caused byFor these terms , possible problems

from the panel data estimation ( see Anderson and Hsiao , 1982resultingfrom the panel data estimation ( see Anderson and Hsiao , 1982

problems when attempting to use tests of statistical significance that require independence of the observationscreatesproblems when attempting to use tests of statistical significance that require independence of the observations

problems in conventional analyses ( such as ordinary least squares regression ) that assume independence of observationscan causeproblems in conventional analyses ( such as ordinary least squares regression ) that assume independence of observations

from the lower degree in the Coulombic and continuum polar solvation energy termsresultingfrom the lower degree in the Coulombic and continuum polar solvation energy terms

excess extractors to avoid correlation errorssometimes createsexcess extractors to avoid correlation errors

sometimescreatessometimes

alsoleadsalso

when the residuals of a regression model are not independent of each otherresultswhen the residuals of a regression model are not independent of each other

to dependence among the observationsleadsto dependence among the observations

The latter(passive) is even influenced byThe latter

the within subgroup variation to be unnaturally small and a poor predictor of the between subgroup variationcausesthe within subgroup variation to be unnaturally small and a poor predictor of the between subgroup variation

trends in price seriescan often causetrends in price series

from a wide variety of mechanisms , many of which act at characteristic scalesresultsfrom a wide variety of mechanisms , many of which act at characteristic scales

to one orsetto one or

from the temperaturesettingfrom the temperature

trouble in estimation of GLM / GAM ... since GLM / GAM essentially requires each observation to be independently distributedcausestrouble in estimation of GLM / GAM ... since GLM / GAM essentially requires each observation to be independently distributed

the quality of the modelling approachcould influencethe quality of the modelling approach

spatial clustering(passive) caused byspatial clustering

spiking in the resulting seriescausingspiking in the resulting series

to OLSleadsto OLS

from the “ critical slowing down ” phenomenonresultingfrom the “ critical slowing down ” phenomenon

our effect(passive) might be influenced byour effect

a need to incorporate additional principal components to maintain the model ’s explanatory abilitycausinga need to incorporate additional principal components to maintain the model ’s explanatory ability

to a whopping 0.99setto a whopping 0.99

serious errorscan causeserious errors

the significance of the test resultsinfluencesthe significance of the test results

the occurrence of a given land characteristics(passive) is influenced bythe occurrence of a given land characteristics

an underestimation of the theoretical variancemight have causedan underestimation of the theoretical variance

howeverwill ... resulthowever

in timecan influencein time

on the standard error ... and the other is assuming that lags of Y or an X influence Yinfluenceson the standard error ... and the other is assuming that lags of Y or an X influence Y

to even stronger autocorrelation in the cumulative sumsleadsto even stronger autocorrelation in the cumulative sums

All 4 of the methods(passive) were influenced byAll 4 of the methods

spatial biases(passive) caused byspatial biases

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