some of the largest shifts in Antarctic climate in recent decadeshas causedsome of the largest shifts in Antarctic climate in recent decades

to the HeatRisk Eventleadingto the HeatRisk Event

to both low precipitation over the Eastern U.S.leadsto both low precipitation over the Eastern U.S.

global climate to change from “ greenhouse ” to “ icehouse ” conditionscausingglobal climate to change from “ greenhouse ” to “ icehouse ” conditions

from the ENSO phenomenon and climate changeresultingfrom the ENSO phenomenon and climate change

rainfall and storm patterns around the world — an El Niñoinfluencesrainfall and storm patterns around the world — an El Niño

to the event ( a.k.a . dynamicalleadingto the event ( a.k.a . dynamical

the ice in the Eurasian Arctic to melt faster than in the American Arctic in the 21st centuryhas causedthe ice in the Eurasian Arctic to melt faster than in the American Arctic in the 21st century

European climateinfluencingEuropean climate

for climate researchusually designedfor climate research

global coolingcausingglobal cooling

to more snow and ice " climate scientist Jiping Liuleadsto more snow and ice " climate scientist Jiping Liu

the location and disposition of large - scale climate patternsinfluencesthe location and disposition of large - scale climate patterns

The wind regime(passive) is influenced byThe wind regime

to an enhanced period of hurricane activityleadingto an enhanced period of hurricane activity

the melting of large ice sheets and many other catastrophic effects of climate changecausesthe melting of large ice sheets and many other catastrophic effects of climate change

the melting of large ice sheet and many other catastrophic effects of climate changecausesthe melting of large ice sheet and many other catastrophic effects of climate change

large climate shiftscauseslarge climate shifts

the melting of large ice sheets and add to many other catastrophic effects of climate changecausesthe melting of large ice sheets and add to many other catastrophic effects of climate change

to either unusual synoptics or normal synoptics with higher than usual energyleadingto either unusual synoptics or normal synoptics with higher than usual energy

to extreme snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphereledto extreme snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphere

to cooling over the southern polecontributingto cooling over the southern pole

to more snow and ice ( National Geographic ... March 2013leadsto more snow and ice ( National Geographic ... March 2013

turbulent boundary conditions in winter ... resulting in greater production of sea spray aerosols ... and/or enhanced transport of frost flower and sea spray aerosolscausesturbulent boundary conditions in winter ... resulting in greater production of sea spray aerosols ... and/or enhanced transport of frost flower and sea spray aerosols

the large shifts in Antarctic climate in recentcausingthe large shifts in Antarctic climate in recent

up when mass hadley pictured global - scale circulation as a large - scale version of theis setup when mass hadley pictured global - scale circulation as a large - scale version of the

to more snow and ice.[2 ] −93.2 ° C 315 km / h ( 196 mph ; 170 kn ) Land and ocean temperature values in February 2013 compared to a 1981–2010 base periodleadsto more snow and ice.[2 ] −93.2 ° C 315 km / h ( 196 mph ; 170 kn ) Land and ocean temperature values in February 2013 compared to a 1981–2010 base period

climate in Europe , northern Africa , Greenland , North America andinfluencesclimate in Europe , northern Africa , Greenland , North America and

the global ocean wind - driven surface currentscreatesthe global ocean wind - driven surface currents

the spatial distribution of clouds , which , finally , increases planetary albedoinfluencesthe spatial distribution of clouds , which , finally , increases planetary albedo

as much as 60 % to the September sea - ice extent decline and surface downwelling shortwave flux in the Arctic during summertimemay have contributedas much as 60 % to the September sea - ice extent decline and surface downwelling shortwave flux in the Arctic during summertime

to cooling and increasing sea ice extents over much of the Antarctic regionleadingto cooling and increasing sea ice extents over much of the Antarctic region

free flow of the north - westerly wind , which aids onset of winterwas preventingfree flow of the north - westerly wind , which aids onset of winter

the wind to cross the sea from west to east during the first part of the day , and east to west latercausesthe wind to cross the sea from west to east during the first part of the day , and east to west later

in cooling in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean similar to that observed during the La Niña ( cold ) phase of ENSOresultingin cooling in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean similar to that observed during the La Niña ( cold ) phase of ENSO

in a series of climate anomalies including droughts , floods and also effects on societies and economics such as agriculture , water resources , forestry wildfires , and the spread of insects and waterborne diseases over the Indian Ocean and the surrounding areasresultsin a series of climate anomalies including droughts , floods and also effects on societies and economics such as agriculture , water resources , forestry wildfires , and the spread of insects and waterborne diseases over the Indian Ocean and the surrounding areas

variations in density and pressurecreatesvariations in density and pressure

the penetration of mild ocean winds towards the interiorpreventsthe penetration of mild ocean winds towards the interior

to the formation of high and low pressure zonesleadsto the formation of high and low pressure zones

the Arctic 's cold air to spill southwardhas been causingthe Arctic 's cold air to spill southward