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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

Contextconcerns about rates of methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) health carehave promptedassociated infections

a group of emerging highly drug - resistant Gram - negative bacillicausinginfections associated

staphylococci , pneumococci , E. coli and Pseudomonas(passive) caused bybiofilm - associated infections

AB - Staphylococcus aureus ( SA ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( PA ) are knownto causebiofilm - related infections

E. coli strains(passive) caused bybiofilm - associated infections

Burkholderia cepacia complex ( Bcc(passive) caused byassociated infections ( HAIs

antibiotic - resistant gram - negative bacteria , such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa(passive) caused byassociated infections

more conventional pathogens(passive) caused byassociated infection

susceptible to ceftiofur microorganisms(passive) caused byassociated infections

In vitro multi - species biofilms of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their host interaction during in vivo colonization of an otitis media rat model " , abstract = " Staphylococcus aureus ( SA ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( PA ) are knownto causebiofilm - related infections

A colistin coatingto preventbiomaterial - associated infections

diagnosed and treated differently than infections not associated with biofilms(passive) are preventedBiofilm - associated infections

the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis(passive) caused bybiofilm - associated infections

IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus ... a human and animal pathogencan causebiofilm - associated infections

appropriate infection control measuresto preventintravascularcatheter - related infections

C. albicans and S. aureus mono- and mixed - species(passive) caused bybiofilm - associated infections

discussing her article " Variations in Strategiesto PreventVentriculostomy - Related Infections

Gram - positive pathogens , including MRSA and vancomycin - resistant S. aureus(passive) caused byassociated infections

your teeth ... free from microorganismsto preventrelated infections

Yadav , { Mukesh K. } and Chae , { Sung Won } and Go , { Yoon Young } and I m , { Gi Jung } and Song , { Jae Jun } " , doi = " 10.3389 / fcimb.2017.00125 " , T1 - In vitro multi - species biofilms of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their host interaction during in vivo colonization of an otitis media rat model AU - Yadav , Mukesh K. N2 - Staphylococcus aureus ( SA ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( PA ) are knownto causebiofilm - related infections

Acinetobacter baumannii(passive) caused byBiofilm - associated infections

a promising approachto preventbiomaterial - associated infections

Courtesy of The University of Nottingham Medical devicecan leadassociated infections

her thesis is entitled : ‘ Functional polymer brush - coatingto preventbiomaterial associated infections

pathogens that colonize a vascular device(passive) caused byrelated infections

MRSA and P. aeruginosa in a diabetic pig excision wound model(passive) caused bybiofilm - related infections

opportunistic bacterial pathogens(passive) caused bybiofilm - related infections

a variety of nosocomial pathogenshave causedLVAD - related infections

clinically important pathogens(passive) caused bybiofilm - associated infections

Gram - negative bacteria inhibiting the production of a key component of the matrix(passive) caused bybiofilm - associated infections

the spread of bacteria and virusescan causeassociated infections

A novel chemical approachto preventbiofilm - related infections

The findings will support developing and adequate testing of biomaterials surface modificationseventually preventingbiomaterial - associated infections

A flu vaccine also can helppreventrelated infections

new antimicrobial strategiesto preventbiofilm - related infections

evidence - based strategiesto preventIDU - associated infections

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates(passive) caused byPMC.AbstractBackgroundHealthcare - associated infections

This shift toward greater accountability and transparency in health carehas ledassociated infections

C. albicans , the predominant fungal pathogen in humans ( 3 , 4(passive) caused bybiofilm - associated infections

3 ) Percentage of long - stay residents with urinary tract health caresettingassociated infections

in more serious illnesscould resultin more serious illness

to foul smelling discharge which sometimes may contain blood.[2may leadsto foul smelling discharge which sometimes may contain blood.[2

to systemic infections and device failurecan leadto systemic infections and device failure

sores in the gastro - intestinal tract or mouth can make eating difficult or painful , further contributing to a person ’s decreasing desire to eatcausesores in the gastro - intestinal tract or mouth can make eating difficult or painful , further contributing to a person ’s decreasing desire to eat

to substantial morbidity and mortality and excess costs.12,13leadto substantial morbidity and mortality and excess costs.12,13

in significant patient morbidity and mortalityresultin significant patient morbidity and mortality

considerable morbidity and mortality among hospitalized childrencauseconsiderable morbidity and mortality among hospitalized children

to lymphedema and elephantiasis.[6leadingto lymphedema and elephantiasis.[6

in higher morbidity , mortality , and hospital costs.1 - 2 VRE colonizationresultingin higher morbidity , mortality , and hospital costs.1 - 2 VRE colonization

in high morbidity and mortality it also prolongs hospital stay and drives up hospital costsresultingin high morbidity and mortality it also prolongs hospital stay and drives up hospital costs

significant morbidity and mortality , such as central line – associated bloodstream infections and surgical site infectionscausesignificant morbidity and mortality , such as central line – associated bloodstream infections and surgical site infections

severe clinical threat because of the greater morbidity and mortality related to its opportunistic behavior ( Lister and Horswill , 2014causesevere clinical threat because of the greater morbidity and mortality related to its opportunistic behavior ( Lister and Horswill , 2014

their own unique symptoms and increased risk of deathcausetheir own unique symptoms and increased risk of death

significantly to patient mortality and health care costs as they have risen rapidly over the last decadehave contributedsignificantly to patient mortality and health care costs as they have risen rapidly over the last decade

a range of problems from discomfort to severe dehydration and death ... but most problematic organisms can be killed when food is cooked long enough at high enough temperaturescausea range of problems from discomfort to severe dehydration and death ... but most problematic organisms can be killed when food is cooked long enough at high enough temperatures

in such as coeliac disease , giardiasis , and various inflammatory bowel diseasessetin such as coeliac disease , giardiasis , and various inflammatory bowel diseases

Majority DeathsCausingMajority Deaths

painful micturitionmay causepainful micturition

to 2 million cases annuallyleadto 2 million cases annually

fever and septicaemiamay causefever and septicaemia

to the growth of the segmentare contributingto the growth of the segment

Most contact lens(passive) are causedMost contact lens

to green or yellow nasal secretionsleadingto green or yellow nasal secretions

to significant vascular changes including thrombosis , arteritis and aneurysm formationleadto significant vascular changes including thrombosis , arteritis and aneurysm formation

infection recurrence and chronicitycausinginfection recurrence and chronicity

in Gastrointestinal tract infectionsresultingin Gastrointestinal tract infections

Indicationsdoxycycline(passive) caused byIndicationsdoxycycline

oftenleadoften

in Prolongation of the hospitalresultingin Prolongation of the hospital

or reduced ( e.g. prevention of sepsis , suppression of urinary tract infections , etcmay ... be preventedor reduced ( e.g. prevention of sepsis , suppression of urinary tract infections , etc

the syndrometriggerthe syndrome

strokecausestroke

to bronchitisleadingto bronchitis

feet swelling sodium phosphate side effects effects of taking long termdoes ... causefeet swelling sodium phosphate side effects effects of taking long term

to or causing their mental / emotional dysfunctioncontributingto or causing their mental / emotional dysfunction

a million cases of disease and kill 20,000 to 30,000 people around the world each yearcausea million cases of disease and kill 20,000 to 30,000 people around the world each year

eye or intestinal problems(passive) caused byeye or intestinal problems

health care – associated infection in general , and catheter - associated uti in particularworldwide preventinghealth care – associated infection in general , and catheter - associated uti in particular

pityriasis lichenoides and inflammatory markerscould have triggeredpityriasis lichenoides and inflammatory markers

to longer hospital stays , recurrent infection , and increased fatalities in the most recalcitrant casesleadto longer hospital stays , recurrent infection , and increased fatalities in the most recalcitrant cases

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