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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

The potential reactivity of aggregatescausesthe alkali - aggregate reaction

resulting in an internal reaction with the active ingredient in concrete aggregates ,leadingto alkali - aggregate reaction

how deleterious expansionresultingfrom alkali aggregate reaction

Careful selection of aggregates and consideration of silica content can helppreventalkali - aggregate reactions

which cause excessive expansion of the cementsets( alkali - aggregate reaction

such a high alkaline environmentcan causealkali aggregate reaction problem

a factorinfluencingalkali aggregate reaction

Key parametersinfluencingthe alkali aggregate reaction

Use of pozzolanic admixtureswill preventthe alkali - aggregate reaction

Surface cracking promotes water intrusion which can lead to metal corrosion and spalling.and consideration of silica content can helppreventalkali - aggregate reactions

The expansive behaviororiginatingfrom the alkali - aggregate reaction

alkali metal ions(passive) caused bythe alkali - aggregate reaction

3.Itcan preventfrom the alkali - aggregate reaction

Figure 18.—Gelresultingfrom alkali - aggregate reaction

Map / Pattern CrackingResultingfrom an Alkali - Aggregate Reaction Alkali - aggregate reaction

increase the compactness of the hardened cementthereby preventingthe alkali aggregate reaction

expansive strainsresultingfrom an alkali – aggregate reaction

The cements used ... a limited alkali contentto preventalkali - aggregate reaction

Another source of damage ... de - icing saltstriggeran alkali - aggregate reaction

As a harmful aggregateto causethe alkali - aggregate reaction

attention ... an agentto preventalkali - aggregate reaction

Among the many durability requirements ,to preventalkali aggregate reaction

expansion and crackingcausesexpansion and cracking

in disruptive expansionresultsin disruptive expansion

damaging expansion in concrete(passive) caused bydamaging expansion in concrete

significant cracking in a concrete element or ACRmay causesignificant cracking in a concrete element or ACR

expansion anddamage in some concretescausedexpansion anddamage in some concretes

to deterioration of concretecontributeto deterioration of concrete

Concrete deterioration(passive) caused byConcrete deterioration

disintegration of the concrete see pagecausingdisintegration of the concrete see page

serious problems in concrete hydraulic structures , such as dams and powerhouses a thorough understanding of the current knowledge and practice in managing this reaction can help owners of existing dams and companies planning to build new damscausesserious problems in concrete hydraulic structures , such as dams and powerhouses a thorough understanding of the current knowledge and practice in managing this reaction can help owners of existing dams and companies planning to build new dams

in ‘ Alkali Silicate Gelresultsin ‘ Alkali Silicate Gel

expansion of its concrete structure ( Hayman et al . 2010is causingexpansion of its concrete structure ( Hayman et al . 2010

concrete damagemight causeconcrete damage

failure of concretecan createfailure of concrete

cracks in concrete(passive) could have been caused bycracks in concrete

the concrete to “ growcausesthe concrete to “ grow

to weakening of concrete matrixleadsto weakening of concrete matrix

the concrete to expand and crackcausedthe concrete to expand and crack

cracking of the concrete in the spillway pier at Matala Dam in Angolacausedcracking of the concrete in the spillway pier at Matala Dam in Angola

the potential loss of concrete strength(passive) caused bythe potential loss of concrete strength

harmful effects to concrete structureswill causeharmful effects to concrete structures

the concrete to swell and renders renovations or even reconstructions necessarycausesthe concrete to swell and renders renovations or even reconstructions necessary

when alkalis normally present in cement react with silicious aggregates in concrete that is exposed to moistureresultwhen alkalis normally present in cement react with silicious aggregates in concrete that is exposed to moisture

an expansive action when reactive aggregates come in contact with alkali hydroxides in the hardened concretecan causean expansive action when reactive aggregates come in contact with alkali hydroxides in the hardened concrete

AAR ) Chemical physical expansive reaction in mortar or concrete between reactive mineral Natural sandsmay leadAAR ) Chemical physical expansive reaction in mortar or concrete between reactive mineral Natural sands

A similar effect(passive) is caused byA similar effect

mainly of quartz , alkaline feldspars , plagioclases , micas , and other secondarycomposedmainly of quartz , alkaline feldspars , plagioclases , micas , and other secondary

existing structures Surface popouts(passive) caused byexisting structures Surface popouts

time and strengthsettingtime and strength

to the development of low - alkali cements ( Stanton , 1942leadingto the development of low - alkali cements ( Stanton , 1942

resembling(passive) caused byresembling

Confinement effects on damage development(passive) caused byConfinement effects on damage development

in fissurescan resultin fissures

the dam to crumblecausingthe dam to crumble

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