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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

Flow Disturbance David S. Mueller Office of Surface Water U.S. Geological Survey(passive) Caused byFlowTracker Bias

an attemptto discoverbias patterns

a manipulative practiceleadstoconfirmation bias

This strategycan resultin apparent algorithmic bias

the presence of an extraneous factor associated with both an exposure under study and a disease outcome(passive) is caused byConfounding bias

a predominantly white male coding workforceis causingbias in algorithms

financial actors in digital marketsmay leadto apparent algorithmic bias

Other known factorscausingsequencing bias

controlcausingconfounding bias

library construction conditionsinfluencesequencing bias

model designdoes ... contributeto algorithmic bias

The amplified difference between these signals is usedto setQ2`s bias

a problemcould contributeto algorithmic bias

experts ... a problemcould contributeto algorithmic bias

issuescausingalgorithmic bias

orderto ... setalgorithmic bias

in the name of data minimizationcan leadto algorithmic bias

by nonrandomized retrospective assignment(passive) caused byconfounding bias

the endogeneity of the selection variablescan causesimultaneity bias

The retrospective nature as well as the size of our sample and sampling methodmay have causedbias

Many factorscan influenceattentional bias

Essential nutrients may promote the development of certain brain functionsthereby causingconfounding bias

higher case - severity mix at certain types of hospitals(passive) may be caused byconfounding bias

by environmental cues(passive) to be influenced byattentional bias

baseline state anxiety(passive) are influenced byattentional bias

low pretest - probability low relative - risk data / clinical relationships under situations of intense financial and other forms of pressurecan causebias

Social exclusioninfluencesattentional bias

emotional statescan influenceattentional bias

These two points bothcausecofounding bias

our persistent thoughts(passive) to be overly influenced byAttentional bias

all financial and personal relationships to other persons and organizationscould ... influencebias

any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizationscould ... influencebias

any financial or personal relationships with other people or organizationscould influencebias

no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizationscould ... influencebias

no financial or personal relationships with other people or organizationscould ... influencebias

financial or personal relationships or interests with other people or organizationscould ... influencebias

no disclosure or any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizationscould ... influencebias

measurement error with an instrumental variable approach that uses a second performance as instrument(passive) caused bybias

poor study design , inadequate follow - up or incomplete publication of results(passive) caused bybias

Calculation of summary estimates by combining studies without correcting for possible bias - causing factors between studiesmay causebias

evenhas ... leadeven

to discrimination or civil rights violationsleadsto discrimination or civil rights violations

to many false positivesto leadto many false positives

to the formation of an Algorithmic Justice League ( AJL ) , launched by Joy Buolamwini in 2016 whilst at MIThas even leadto the formation of an Algorithmic Justice League ( AJL ) , launched by Joy Buolamwini in 2016 whilst at MIT

to conflictleadsto conflict

from their empirical judgmentoriginatingfrom their empirical judgment

a person to processes emotionally negative information preferentially over emotionally positive informationcausesa person to processes emotionally negative information preferentially over emotionally positive information

what problems attentional bias ... you likemight causewhat problems attentional bias ... you like

a person to process emotionally negative information preferentially over emotionally positive informationcausesa person to process emotionally negative information preferentially over emotionally positive information

in impaired cognitive task performancecan resultin impaired cognitive task performance

to low self - esteemleadsto low self - esteem

in discriminatory outcomes for certain groupscould resultin discriminatory outcomes for certain groups

to discrimination and unfair treatmentcan leadto discrimination and unfair treatment

anxietycausesanxiety

in exclusionary experiences and discriminatory practicescan resultin exclusionary experiences and discriminatory practices

to uscan leadto us

the bad outcomes(passive) caused bythe bad outcomes

you likemight causeyou like

the problems(passive) caused bythe problems

the problems(passive) caused bythe problems

to discriminationcan leadto discrimination

to discriminationcould leadto discrimination

the anxiety to developcausedthe anxiety to develop

to discriminatory practices and behaviorscan ... leadto discriminatory practices and behaviors

to discriminatory practices and behaviors in societycan ... leadto discriminatory practices and behaviors in society

to poor detection of faces that are not well represented in current training setsleadsto poor detection of faces that are not well represented in current training sets

to craving and failuremay contributeto craving and failure

us to expend disproportionate energy trying to disprove ideas that contradict our current beliefscausesus to expend disproportionate energy trying to disprove ideas that contradict our current beliefs

us to expend disproportionate energy trying to disprove ideas that contradict our current beliefscausesus to expend disproportionate energy trying to disprove ideas that contradict our current beliefs

to discriminatory practicescan leadto discriminatory practices

to discriminatory behaviors in societyleadsto discriminatory behaviors in society

how one perceives and processes information in the present moment , from the pastwill influencehow one perceives and processes information in the present moment , from the past

to exclusionary experiences and practicesleadsto exclusionary experiences and practices

to exclusionary experiences and discriminatory practicescan also leadto exclusionary experiences and discriminatory practices

to exclusionary experiences and discriminatory practicescan also leadto exclusionary experiences and discriminatory practices

everHas ... ledever

to greater unfairnesscould leadto greater unfairness

AI systems to behave in unintended wayscan causeAI systems to behave in unintended ways

to discrimination in real lifecan leadto discrimination in real life

to craving and failure to stop smokingmay contributeto craving and failure to stop smoking

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