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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

airline industry ... the modern eraresultedfrom 1978 ’s Airline Deregulation Act

the market reaction to the events ( ie , information announcementsledto the airline deregulation act of 1978

the mid-1970sresultedin The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

to increase competition among airlines and let the free market make flying even better(passive) was designedThe Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

fuel prices , aggressive and unsustainable expansion , and fierce competition following changesresultedfrom the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

to leave the selection of routes to the airlines(passive) was designedThe 1978 Airline Deregulation Act

advantagesresultingfrom the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act

the DC-9 - 90 ... newly formed airlineshad resultedfrom the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

These decisionsledto the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

the first airlinecreatedafter the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act

the CRJ100 ... hub - and - spoke networks in the United Stateshad resultedfrom the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

who , as Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board under Jimmy Carter , oversaw ( and vigorously promoted ) the deregulation of the industryleadingto the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

its course ... the industryresultedin the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

all the chaos and turmoilhas resultedfrom the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

Robson 's campaignresultedin the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978

to a wave of airline failures , start - ups , takeovers in the United Statesledto a wave of airline failures , start - ups , takeovers in the United States

a schedule(passive) set bya schedule

the stagesetthe stage

to lower fares and competitionledto lower fares and competition

intense rivalry between airlines Downturn in airline travel after 9/11 2001 affected most airlinescreatedintense rivalry between airlines Downturn in airline travel after 9/11 2001 affected most airlines

a wave of airline failures , start - ups , and takeovers in The usatriggereda wave of airline failures , start - ups , and takeovers in The usa

to lower fares and higher airline productivityledto lower fares and higher airline productivity

a major change in the airline industrycauseda major change in the airline industry

some of the market conditions of the us airline industry in the early 1990s(passive) were triggered bysome of the market conditions of the us airline industry in the early 1990s

states from interfering with fares , services , and routespreventsstates from interfering with fares , services , and routes

states from regulating pricing , routes , and companies for airwayspreventsstates from regulating pricing , routes , and companies for airways

The Essential Air Service program ( EAS(passive) was created byThe Essential Air Service program ( EAS

to a doubling of commercial traffic into McCarran International Airport between 1978 and 1980 ... and helped to create the commercial airline industry we know todayledto a doubling of commercial traffic into McCarran International Airport between 1978 and 1980 ... and helped to create the commercial airline industry we know today

states from regulating pricing , routes , and services for airlines , including air ambulance providerspreventsstates from regulating pricing , routes , and services for airlines , including air ambulance providers

the EAS program to ensure that communities retain a connection to the national air transportation systemcreatedthe EAS program to ensure that communities retain a connection to the national air transportation system

the opportunities(passive) created bythe opportunities

regulation dealing with the " price , route or service of an air carrierpreventsregulation dealing with the " price , route or service of an air carrier

in several years of low profitability in the industryresultedin several years of low profitability in the industry

lawsuits governing " price , route or service of an air carrierpreventslawsuits governing " price , route or service of an air carrier

to a wave of failures and takeovers in the industry , which accounts for many of the airlines ’ presence in this articleledto a wave of failures and takeovers in the industry , which accounts for many of the airlines ’ presence in this article

airlines to reconsider existing salary arrangementspromptedairlines to reconsider existing salary arrangements

to encourage more airline competitiondesignedto encourage more airline competition

to the failure of several airlines and the introduction of othersledto the failure of several airlines and the introduction of others

any lawsuit governing “ price , route or service of an air carrierpreventsany lawsuit governing “ price , route or service of an air carrier

havoc and induced cost - cutting in the industry ... producing a serious erosion of the margin of safety for passengerscausedhavoc and induced cost - cutting in the industry ... producing a serious erosion of the margin of safety for passengers

to significant industry turbulenceledto significant industry turbulence

to the emergence of competitive low - cost carriersledto the emergence of competitive low - cost carriers

increased competition(passive) caused byincreased competition

in the creation of a hub - and - spoke system , which has contributed to the dramatic increase in air traffic over the past two decadesresultedin the creation of a hub - and - spoke system , which has contributed to the dramatic increase in air traffic over the past two decades

the very same structural cycle as telecom and surface transportation de - regulation : overcapacity , loss of pricing power , operating losses , excess demand for scarce capital , profound waste , stagnating technology , an alienated customer base and , perhaps worst of all , a loss of pride by labor , management and , most of all consumersis creatingthe very same structural cycle as telecom and surface transportation de - regulation : overcapacity , loss of pricing power , operating losses , excess demand for scarce capital , profound waste , stagnating technology , an alienated customer base and , perhaps worst of all , a loss of pride by labor , management and , most of all consumers

alsocreatedalso

the tonesetthe tone

major airlines such as United and American to consolidate their operations at O’Harecausedmajor airlines such as United and American to consolidate their operations at O’Hare

to open the nation ’s airports to more competitiondesignedto open the nation ’s airports to more competition

to lower prices and additional service ( though hub - and - spoke route systemsledto lower prices and additional service ( though hub - and - spoke route systems

controls(passive) set bycontrols

the way for industry expansion and the lowering of faresledthe way for industry expansion and the lowering of fares

a hiring spree when he landed a job with North Central Airlines , which became Delta through various mergerscreateda hiring spree when he landed a job with North Central Airlines , which became Delta through various mergers

at frstcausedat frst

higher levels of service frequency between large and/or popular markets ... lowering associated fares , on averagepromptedhigher levels of service frequency between large and/or popular markets ... lowering associated fares , on average

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C&E

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